Thailand’s Steam to Diesel Transition: A Railway Modernization
In an effort to conserve Thailand’s precious forest resources and reduce its reliance on firewood as fuel, the State Railway of Thailand (SRT) gradually phased out steam locomotives in favor of more efficient and environmentally friendly diesel locomotives and railcars. This transition began in the 1960s and continued for two decades, marking a significant transformation in the country’s rail transportation system.
Early Steps Towards Dieselisation
Between 1961 and 1966, the SRT initiated the first phase of its dieselisation program, acquiring 60 diesel locomotives and 20 diesel railcars to replace steam locomotives operating in the Central and Eastern regions. This phase involved the decommissioning of over 100 steam locomotives that had reached the end of their lifespan, typically after 40 years of service.
Expansion of Diesel Fleet
The 1970s saw the SRT expand its dieselisation efforts, focusing on the Northern, Northeastern, and Southern regions. Between 1967 and 1975, the use of steam locomotives was completely discontinued on these lines, resulting in the retirement of 179 steam locomotives. To accommodate the increased demand, the SRT procured 84 diesel locomotives and 56 diesel railcars during this period.
Completing the Transition
The final phase of the SRT’s dieselisation program took place in the late 1970s and early 1980s. The remaining 57 steam locomotives were phased out and replaced with diesel locomotives and railcars. However, a small number of steam locomotives were retained as backup for emergency situations.
Preserving Heritage
Despite the widespread adoption of diesel locomotives, the SRT has taken steps to preserve its steam locomotive heritage. Two Pacific-class steam locomotives, numbered 824 and 850, have been modified to use fuel oil instead of firewood for heating their boilers. These locomotives are occasionally brought out for special events and public displays. Additionally, two other steam locomotives, numbered 713 and 715, are still operational and use firewood. These locomotives are kept at the Thonburi Locomotive Depot in Bangkok.
The SRT’s transition from steam to diesel locomotives has had a profound impact on Thailand’s rail transportation system. Diesel locomotives offer numerous advantages, including greater fuel efficiency, higher power output, and reduced maintenance requirements. This modernization contributed to improved train performance, increased reliability, and a more environmentally friendly mode of transportation.
